Apps For The Education System - 1578 Words

IPad in classroom Introduction: With the progress and evolution of mankind, science being the adjacent part of mankind has also highly revolutionized and progressed. Nowadays, technology has covered the whole sphere of mankind and has emerged as an integral part of human life. Technology and science have facilitated the human beings at very high scale. In the present era, not only the adult, but also students of all ages are also enjoying the fruits of science. A great invention of science iPad, was invented in 2010.The general phenomenon regarding the said tool of science or tablet that it was for adult users only. But within two years of this invention, it became in use in schools, and other educational institutions through the globe of†¦show more content†¦But on the other hand, some critics have their own views, that there is not particular evidence in the above said scenario (Subramanian, 2012). Larry Cuban, a professor emeritus of education at Stanford University, also supports the same view. Mobile tablets like iPad are very productive invention to attract the interest of children, but it might have a negative aspect, that the mentally tenderness and innocence of the younger kids may be lost while engaging them in such high scientific tools. Which may have a pernicious effect of teaching as well as learning (Hu, 2011). Science has many productive results which can be seen by digging out the history of mankind, though they are some negative aspects of this progress, but overall innovation and promotion of technology has modernized the every aspect of the human life. There is an example of iPad, which has summarized, collected and interlinked the knowledge of the whole world by its apps. Using such high tech and scientific tools the learner, and user can get his schoolwork and assignments at any place without taking his huge books with him. Which has really accommodated the students of new age. The progress of mankind has created a healthy environment of technology, science and learning. So the students or the learners of the present age are using and in connection with such scientific devices like iPod, are upgrading their knowledge.

Abraham Lincoln’s Attitude Towards Slavery Free Essays

STUDENT: PLATON OANA MADALINA SA I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p. 3 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Abraham Lincoln’s Attitude Towards Slavery or any similar topic only for you Order Now THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 4 3. THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 7 â€Å"From a genuine abolition point of view, Mr. Lincoln seemed tardy, cold, dull and indifferent, but measuring him by the sentiment of his country – a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to discuss – he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. † Frederick Douglass, 1876 source? 1. INTRODUCTION He survived the tragedy and depression to become America’s Greatest President. He had the courage to destroy slavery, but he took a Civil War and the loss of 600,000 lives; his beliefs cost him his life, but without him the United States of America would not exist today. Abraham Lincoln, America’s model hero, was a man whose courage saved the nation from destruction. His early life was poor and brutal; he was born on the 12th of February 1809 in a one room cabin in rural Kentucky, a frontier state of America. His family were farmers, he was the first of his family to read; Abraham Lincoln was different to from his friends. The young Lincoln was a child of induce curiosity, he loved to hear people, gave well crafted, well delivered speeches. He would often go to places where such speeches were being made; he memorized parts of them and he would come back and give those speeches to his playmates. It was in Lincoln’s nature to embrace new experiences and when he was nineteen he had the opportunity to travel 1200 miles down the Mississippi river. It was a journey that will change his outlook of life forever. He was confronted with the realities of slavery; what he did see was probably the most horrific aspect of slavery and that as the destruction of slave families, the selling of slaves and the use of slaves literally as pieces of commerce. But when he returned to the North, Lincoln left the family home striking out the most exciting town of its day, New Salem – Illinois; here he would be his own man. When he came to New Salem, that was a deliberate choice on his part, to turn his back on th e world of farming, the agrarian lifestyle, and coming to New Salem is really a deliberate choice to plunge himself into the world of 19th century of commerce, capitalism, the Industrial Revolution and everything like that. Lincoln’s passion to reading continued into his adult life and so that his ideas of fairness will becoming increasingly developed; America was changing, expanding day by day, and Lincoln wanted to be part of it. By 1847 he had studied enough to pass the bar examination, he had decided to become a lawyer. But also he plunged in the world of politics, and he loved politics even more than law because for him law was a means to politics, and his practice as a lawyer was always bound up by his political ambitions. In Illinois he met a woman named Ann Rutledge, but Lincoln’s life took a tragic turn when Ann died. Her death plunged Lincoln into a deep depression, but hard work overcame this black spells. He had become a successful local politician, and the ambitious young Lincoln was proving difficult to ignore. Lincoln, had an extraordinary talent and he quickly established himself as a charismatic speaker and talented politician; increasingly ambitious he decided to move again, leaving New Salem he went to live in Springfield – the State Capital of Illinois and there he met and married Mary Todd. Lincoln moved on to the National stage, becoming a Congressman for the District of Illinois. The country was uneasily divided in to 15 free and 15 slave states; when Kansas wanted to join the Union, a fear debate appeared: should it be a slave state or not? In the South it was another commodity that was the key to the slave issue: cotton. By 1840, cotton was more valuable than everything else the United States of America exported put together. By 1860, the value of slaves (were about four millions slaves) was greater than the value of all the American railroads, all the American manufactures and all the American banking put together – slavery was the main event in the America. Lincoln was always opposed to the slavery, because it was the contradiction of his yearning for transformation and self improvement. In 1858 Abraham Lincoln decided to candidate for the United States Senate. At the beginning to the campaign, he made a speech in which he said that the United States was a House, but a House Divided by slavery; to survive it would have to be either all free or all slaves. When he candidate for the presidency of the United States, more than anything else I think he won because for those people who were opposed to slavery he was the only choice. From my point of view Abraham Lincoln was completely opposed to slavery because, from historical point of view at that time slavery was the answer at to the disputes between free states and slave states. After the Civil War, the North was developing through commerce and its new industrial capacities, meanwhile the South was flourishing through the cost of labor – manual labor and the use of slaves. 2. THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The issue of slavery represented one of the most important factors which shaped the history of the US and especially the way in which it came to develop. It was seen for many decades as a subject for social upheaval, political debate, and most importantly a matter of human rights. However, regardless of the historical nature of the issues discussed in these debates, there are certain personalities which influenced, in a positive or negative way, the entire debate. In the case of slavery, one such personality was Abraham Lincoln one of the most important personalities of the country and at the same time an essential part in the debates on slavery. Although his name is often related to the Emancipation Proclamation or to his debates with Stephen Douglas, his beliefs on the issue of slavery stand above these acts or events. In this sense, he often argued his opposition to the â€Å"peculiar institution† despite the fact that he was not a stranger to the slavery phenomenon. Still, his beliefs and conviction make him to this day one of the most representative figures of the emancipation of slaves throughout the US. In order to have a better understanding of the actual reasons which justify the fact that Abraham Lincoln considered slavery to be wrong, it is important to consider the historical background of the era and observe slavery in a wider framework. More precisely, Lincoln’s beliefs on slavery were the result of growing tensions between two rival concepts: free and slavery state. After the end of the Civil War, the North was developing through trade and exploiting its new industrial capabilities, while the South was thriving at the cost of manual labor, through its special commercial relations with the English but more importantly through the use of slaves. As a consequence, the local landscape was different: New York was ranked the dominant and the most populated urban area, where as in the South a significant urban area was represented only by New Orleans. These economic tensions made their mark on the way in which politicians and even local people came to understand the status of black people. At the same time though, the new American nation was built on the principles of freedom, democracy and most importantly on human rights. The Declaration of Independence Lincoln often cited stated included the famous passage on the freedom of man. Thus, â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness†[1]. Despite the fact that these words represented the enthusiasm of the Founding Fathers and that they are even today the framework of the American democracy, at the time they were easily interpretable. This was largely due to the fact that slavery was seen in the North as a terrible wrongdoing, while in the South it was viewed as a necessary practice. This drew the attention on the way in which black people were treated and especially to the fact that they were not considered human beings endowed with inalienable rights and freedoms, as well as civil duties and political ones. Taking these aspects into account it can be said that the discussions on slavery in which Lincoln was engaged focused on two pillars. On the one hand, there were the political discussions with the Democrats and especially with his direct opponent, Douglas; on the other hand, there were the moral issues Lincoln brought on the issue of slavery. However, these debates intermingled as Lincoln and Douglas became engaged in the political fight for the state of Illinois. While these confrontations had a political aim, they brought into the spotlight two different views on slavery and emphasized Lincoln’s moral convictions and the way in which these would change. The Civil War played a major part in the drafting of Lincoln’s opinion on the issue of slavery. In this sense, he used the notion in order to rally support for the unity of the nation. Thus, he points out that â€Å"we all declare for liberty; but in using the same word we do not all mean the same thing. With some the word liberty may mean for each man to do as he pleases with himself and the produce of his labor; while with others the same word may mean to do what they please with other men and the produce of other men’s labor†[2]. This was the main argument he used against the beliefs of the Democrats. However, the discussions were held at the political level mostly. In this sense, the argument in fact represented a means through which Lincoln pointed out the fact that while the Republicans were the proponents of a stronger role for the federal government, the Democrats supported the idea of a looser central government. In the end the discussions came down to the issue of slavery in the sense that the Republicans were in favor of abolishing slavery in certain states, while the Democrats considered that the people must decide on whether the states should be free or should allow slavery and slave trade to take place. The moral argument Lincoln used revolved around the issue of the wrongfulness of slavery. In this sense, he constantly pointed out that â€Å"I particularly object to the new position which the avowed principle of this Nebraska law gives to slavery in the body politic. I object to it because it assumes that there can be moral right in the enslaving of one man by another. I object to it as a dangerous dalliance for a free people—a sad evidence that, feeling prosperity, we forget right†[3]. It is rather hard to believe the fact that the moral aspect determined Lincoln to support the abolition of slavery. The times were rather difficult for the entire nation due to the tensions between the two sides of the country. The North and the South were being divided by an issue on which people could not be convinced through moral arguments. Nonetheless, Lincoln went on saying that the mere arguments promoted by the Democrats in support of slavery were not convincing either. Thus, necessity in his view cannot be considered an argument because it is the man who decides on his own necessities. In this sense, while Douglas throughout his arguments points out the fact that the right of the people to chose over the issue of slavery is a God given right, Lincoln counters him by appealing to the idea of right and wrong yet again. More precisely, â€Å"God did not place good and evil before man, telling him to make his choice. On the contrary, he did tell him there was one tree of the fruit of which he should not eat, upon pain of certain death. I should scarcely wish so strong a prohibition against slavery in Nebraska† [4]. The technique used by Lincoln to include the idea of religion nd of divine justice was a crucial point he made in his argument against slavery and a point he used in trying to determine the change in attitude towards the change in the way slaves were viewed and their treatment as human beings rather than as cattle or mere objects or property. The fact that his arguments were based on moral considerations was an issue that became clear during the presi dency of Abraham Lincoln. Despite the fact that he is considered to be an emancipator, he never actually advocated the idea of emancipation, but rather a reconsideration of their status. This is an evident fact, especially from the point of view of his later statements. In this sense, he later argued that â€Å"I have never understood that the presidency conferred upon me the unrestricted right to act officially upon this judgment and feeling† [5] considering that the moral issues he advocated did not have to become state principles. This viewed summarizes the changes that took place at the level of his policy once he became president of the United States. 3. THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION He promoted the wrongfulness of slavery as an immoral act; yet he did not support the actual emancipation of the black people. His views became clearer and they can easily be summed up by one of his statements. Thus, â€Å"I protest against the counterfeit logic which concludes that because I do not want a black woman for a slave, I must necessarily want her for a wife. I need not have her for either, I can just leave her alone. In some respects, she is certainly not my equal; but in her natural right to eat the bread she earns with her own hands without asking leave of anyone else, she is my equal, and the equal of all others[6]. †. Therefore, he viewed slaves equal only in their state of birth not in their rights as part of the society. This view represents an important aspect in the way in which his attitude changed in time. Thus, as a candidate for a particular region of the United States, regardless of its importance, he could promote the morality of slavery or its lack. However, as a major public figure, he did not have the political support or the democratic one to advocate the freedom of the slaves. Nor did he want to take that road. One of the most evident proofs was the fact that â€Å"Lincoln in the first year of the war repeatedly defined is policy as a restoration of the Union- which of course meant a Union with slavery†[7]. Therefore, despite the noble discourse, neither Lincoln nor the public were ready for a change that would, on the one hand uphold the Declaration of Independence, and create disequilibrium in the Union. Despite the serious oscillations Lincoln experienced throughout discussion on slavery, the issue of the empowerment of slaves was addressed in 1865 as he pointed out that  "it is also unsatisfactory to some that the elective franchise is not given to the colored man. I would myself prefer that it were now conferred on the very intelligent and on those who serve our cause as soldiers†[8]. This change in attitude can be considered to be the result of a thorough reflection on the role played by slaves in the Civil War. This particular aspect was dealt with in his Second Inaugural Address as he pointed out the fact that the war in itself was a punishment from God, one which must be understood as a sign of reconciliation. More precisely, â€Å"The Almighty has His own purposes. Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh. If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? [9]. The answer to such a question was in Lincoln’s view one that the nation must act according to God’s will and offer the rights to all individuals â€Å"who have prayed to the same Bible[10]. Although his arguments were yet again morally based and in touch with religion, he pointed out the necessity of considering slaves as human beings with the same God as white people. Overall, it can be said that the political background of Abraham Lincoln’s activity was important for the way in which he managed to construct his beliefs on the issue of slavery. Although at times he reduced the enthusiasm for the reconsideration of the conditions of the black people, he tried to promote a new direction in the discussions on the matter by introducing the element of morality related to slavery. Towards the end of his presidency however he came to acknowledge the role slaves played in waging the Civil War, in winning it and most importantly the role they must have in healing the wounds of the new nation. Well organized and well written paper, but the absence of references for large section raises the question of academic honesty. Grade 8 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abraham Lincoln, The writings of Abraham Lincoln, V02 Ericson, David. The Debate Over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in the Antebellum America. New York: New York UP, 2000 Fehrenbacher, Donald, Abraham Lincoln, a documentary portrait through his speeches and writings, Stanford , California, 1964 Harold Holzer,Sara Vaughn Gabbard,Lincoln Museum (Fort Wayne, Ind. ), Lincoln and freedom: slavery, emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment, Southern Illinois University, 2007 Kenneth L. Deutsch, Joseph R. Fornieri, Lincoln’s American Dream – Clashing Political Perspectives, Washington, D. C. M. McPherson, James. How President Lincoln Decided to Issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 37 (Autumn, 2002) The Avalon Project. â€Å"The Second Inaugural Address: Abraham Lincoln, 1865†. The Yale Law School Project http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/lincoln2. htm 1/20/2012 7:41 PM The Declaration of Independence ———————– [1] The Declaration of Independence [2] Ericson, David. The Debate Over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in the Antebellum America. New York: New York UP, 2000, p. 157 [3] Abraham Lincoln, The writings of Abraham Lincoln, V 02, p. 82 [4]   Kenneth L. Deutsch, Joseph R. Fornieri, Lincoln’s American Dream – Clashing Political Perspectives, Washington, D. C. , p. 470 [5] M. McPherson, James. How President Lincoln Decided to Issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 37 (Autumn, 2002), p. 108-109 [6] Fehrenbacher, Donald, Abraham Lincoln, a documentary portrait through his speeches and writings, Stanford , California, 1964, p. 1 [7] M. McPherson, op. cit. , p. 108 [8] Harold Holzer,Sara Vaughn Gabbard,Lincoln Museum (Fort Wayne, Ind. ), Lincoln and freedom: slavery, emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment, Southern Illinois University, 2007, p. 227 [9] The Avalon Project. â€Å"The Second Inaugural Address: Abraham Lincoln, 1865†. The Yale Law School Project, http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/lincoln2. htm [10] IBIDEM —— —————– ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS SLAVERY AND EMANCIPATION ———————– Page8 How to cite Abraham Lincoln’s Attitude Towards Slavery, Essay examples

Space research free essay sample

India’s progress in space has been very systematic starting with experimental satellites like Aryabhatta, Bhaskara, Apple and Rohini. It performed satellite application experiments like SITE, STEP and Apple application programme. The operational space services consist of INSAT system and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS). The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) made a modest beginning in launch vehicles like SLV-3, and ASLV. The first development flight of the indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) was carried out in 1992 which could put 1,000 kg class remote sensing satellite into 900 km polar sun-synchronous orbit. India has acquired eminence in world class space science. It has mastered modern space technology and its various applications for the benefit of society. New space technology is being utilised for telecommunications, television broadcasts, weather watch and for providing information relating to agriculture, forests, water resources and minerals to mention a few. In the past three decades ISRO has built an infrastructure sector of space programme – construction and operation of satellites and their launch vehicles, ground station and sensors. We will write a custom essay sample on Space research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ISRO has also collaborated with other Indian institutions and over 250 private industries. Both private and public sectors manufacture a vanity of equipment and materials – light alloy structure for inter-stages, motor cases, liquid thrusters, propellant tanks, gas generation and electronic packages. The second launch facility at Sriharikota at a cost of Rs.280 crore is under construction. Launch Business In May last year ISRO embarked on the launch business through PSLV-C2 launch, thereby creating a strong impact on the global space market by successfully launching two foreign satellites along with its own ocean monitoring remote sensing satellite. They were launched by the PSLV. ISRO’s marketing agency Autrix Corporation has entered the world market with great success. It aims to secure about 20 per cent of the global share of remote sensing products. It is gratifying to note that PSLV with certain modifications can put payloads up to 4,000 kg into low earth orbits (LEO’s)  and up to 800 kg into geo-synchronous transfer orbits (GTO’s). So far India has been dependent on Ariane Space, the French space agency, for launching its satellites. But gradually ISRO is trying to make use of its own launching vehicles. Sriharikota’s proximity to the equator gives it a better payload advantage for any polar launch. The flight of INSAT-3B, INSAT-3A and the GSLV will take ISRO into higher orbit. Once the GSLV is declared operational, India’s future INSAT satellites will be launched by this rocket. Reduced Costs The Chairman of ISRO, Dr K Kasturirangan has projected a significant lowering of space launch costs in the country in the next few decades. While the cost for positioning one kg of material in space today was $20,000 it was presaged that the same would come down to $5000 by 2007 and as low as $500 per kg between 2030-2050. Fully reusable vehicles have also been foreseen. He reveals hat the performance efficiency of Indian spacecraft is on the increase. According to Aerospace America, Indian remote sensing commercial satellites are among the best in the world. IRS-1C and IRS-ID provide the best high resolution data to the user community anywhere in the world and the data from these satellites are being received and used by several countries including the US, Japan, Germany, Korea, Thailand and Dubai. India has now established credibility as a space technology vendor. The world’s largest satellite manufacturer in the US has ordered satellite hardware worth US $700,000 from India. India’s space technology export earnings have tripled from around Rs.10 crore to Rs.30 crore over the past three years. INSAT-3B Recently, ISRO launched the first of the third generation communication satellite INSAT-3B. This 2,070 kg satellite is primarily intended for business, development and mobile communications. It would almost double the transponder capacity. It would provide the first set of transponders for interactive training and developmental communications as part of the Vidya Vahini programme announced by the Prime Minister. Indian space scientists are now engaged in the development of cryogenic engine, required for GSLV in future. Last February the test of first home-made cryogenic rocket engine was carried out but a hydrogen leak probably led to premature  termination of the test. But scientists say the problem will soon be solved. The test was carried out at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu. Experts agree that India crossed an important milestone in the development of indigenous cryogenic upper stage for GSLV. The engine had employed liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This short duration test proved that many operations were successful which were done for the first time. Valuable data have been collected which are being analysed for further tests. Towards Moon Coming on the heels of all these developments is ISRO’s plan to go to the moon. ISRO has already begun preliminary studies to assess the feasibility of undertaking such a mission. ISRO’s satellite centre director, Dr P S Goel, says the study will cover scientific benefits which could be derived from the lunar mission. ISRO’s PSLV is a proven rocket and is capable of flying up to the lunar orbit. If India’s mission to the moon succeeds, then it would have joined the US and the former Soviet Union in making its presence felt in the lunar environment. ISRO is also planning to launch a series of remote sensing satellites with a variety of applications including one solely dedicated to the field of astronomy. Indian space scientists foresee several developments in the new millennium when they can scale new heights. Revolutionary developments in the fields of communication, information and micro- electronics are driving greater convergence and forging new directions for aerospace programmes. Space would be a strong tool for development in future sys Dr Kasturirangan. He is of the view that from development of civil applications such as personal mobile communications at a global level and management of natural disasters to futuristic vistas such as space power generation and space tourism the new possibilities are unlimited. India’s experience has clearly shown that the investment in space always pays through remote sensing and telecommunications. By being fully self-reliant in space activities, it is certain that the resulting contribution from the space programme to the Indian GDP will be markedly significant. *Science Writer

Steps of the Job Application Process

Steps of the Job Application Process 1) A. A resume is a critical element of the job application process. People create and submit resumes, to provide the fullest information about themselves, their educational and professional background, as well as their job expectations and motivation to accomplish everyday workplace tasks. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Steps of the Job Application Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More often than not, a well-organized, professionally written resume paves the way to becoming a prospective employee. However, as people change, so do their resumes. It goes without saying that a resume and cover letter written immediately after graduation will differ from those written 10 and 25 years later. The circumstances of application, changes in personal qualities, the desired job characteristics, increased professionalism, extensive job experience, and other internal and external factors will predetermine the content o f each resume. In the meantime, professionalism, concise and comprehensive language, and appropriate structure will remain the main commonalities for all resumes written during one’s lifetime. Constructing a resume is not an easy task. How resumes are written and presented depends on a variety of circumstances (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 245). A resume is a brief written representation of individual qualifications, job expectations, and achievements (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 245). As a result, preparing and submitting a resume is virtually the same as submitting a sales document, since resumes help individuals to sell their ability to work (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 245). No two resumes are the same. Resumes submitted by one and the same person immediately after graduation and 10-25 years later will be different, too. These differences are justified by changes in individual experiences and professionalism, changes in job expectations, as well as different circumstances of the job application case. All resumes will differ by their content: personal qualities, work experiences and special qualifications will differ, depending on the applicant’s age and the specifications of the job, for which he or she is applying. How the resume is structured may differ, too, as the rapid advancement of communication technologies is turning digital resumes into the main instrument of job application. It is possible that, in 25 years, paper resumes will become obsolete. Nevertheless, professional language will remain the defining feature of successful job application for years ahead, and resumes will have to reflect our commitment to the effective presentation of our qualities, qualifications, and achievements in various professional fields.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More B. As digital communications are conquering the global business landscape, job applicants search for new ways to differentiate themselves from the pool of candidates. A thank-you note is an effective way to enhance personal interaction between employers and job applicants (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 279). Thank-you notes produce a positive impression on supervisors, clients, and co-workers (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 279). Moreover, a thank-you note is an indication of the applicant’s appreciation of the interviewer’s efforts. It is the sign of commitment to the future job, which also shows how the future employee will treat supervisors and clients (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 279). Supervisors and managers recognize that thank-you notes make a real difference in perceptions about job applicants (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 279). All other things being equal, a thank-you note gives prospective students better opportunities to find a good job. Certainly, a thank-you note must be brief and concise. A source of numerous benefits for job applicants, a thank-y ou note which is written inappropriately can become a serious impediment to obtaining the desired job. Students must remember that thank-you notes are usually short, start with the expression of recognition and gratefulness, include a brief note regarding the job and the interview, and end on a good-will note (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 279). A well-written thank-you message is an excellent expression of courtesy and gratitude, which fosters the development of productive relations between the student and the future employer. 2) A. A survey is a complex process of collecting primary information about individual and collective attitudes toward various things and phenomena, be they clothes, shoes, economic crises or nuclear weapons. However, no survey is useful, unless its results are presented in a professionally-written report. Outlining is one of the key stages of the survey process. Outlines are often created by divisions. The latter are used to divide the report into smaller parts. In case of a survey conducted to determine what styles of shoes are worn throughout the country for various occasions by men of all types, numerous division possibilities are possible. Quantity and factor divisions will serve the basis for creating a well-structured and comprehensive survey report. Outlining is one of the main stages in writing a survey report. Actually, no survey is possible without outlining the order and sequence of things in the final report. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Steps of the Job Application Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Outlining makes the process of drafting the survey report easy, efficient, and orderly (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 301). In case of longer reports, outlining is needed to create a relevant table of contents (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 301). Divisions exemplify one of the most effective methodological ways to create report outlines (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 303) . The general bases for these divisions include place, quantity, time, and factor (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 303). Survey reports can be organized by time, like the period of time covered by the survey or the time covering individual actions and decisions that were examined during the survey. For example, a good logical and well-structured survey will have sales changes in 2010 and 2011 presented in different chapters. In a similar vein, survey reports can be organized around place categories: it is better to present survey results from England separately from those collected in America and Europe. Quantity divisions are used, whenever it is possible to categorize all survey results by quantifiable characteristics, like the respondents’ level of income or age (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 304). If none of these divisions is suitable or appropriate, factor divisions will make it easier to develop an excellent and readable survey report format. For the survey conducted to determine what styles of shoes are worn throughout the country for various occasions by men of all types, numerous division possibilities are possible. First, quantity divisions can be used to categorize all respondents by age, the level of income, or the number of shoes they wear and change on a daily basis. Size can be also used to divide all survey information by quantity. Depending on the purpose, these survey divisions will be different. Second, time divisions are possible if the survey examines how the styles of shoes worn by men of all types change over time. The survey can be organized around time divisions presenting the styles of shoes worn by men in their adolescence compared to the styles of shoes worn by these men later in life. As long as the survey is conducted among men of all types living throughout the country, the place division can help to differentiate between individual preferences in the styles of shoes based on the respondents’ place of residence. Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The survey may examine the styles of shoes worn by men in the southern part of the country compared to those worn by men in its northern territories. The place division can be more specific and explore, for example, the styles of shoes worn by men in California and New Jersey. Factor divisions can help to outline the survey examining the styles of shoes worn by all types of men throughout the country. Here, occasions will serve the main division by factor. I recommend using place and factor divisions. The use of these divisions is justified by the purpose of the survey. They do not lead to redundancy. The survey is conducted among men throughout the country, and division by place could help to explore the differences in the styles of shoes worn by men in different territories. The survey explores the styles of shoes worn for various occasions, and factor divisions will enhance the quality of information presented in the survey report. 3) A. Reports are among the most frequently use d forms of business communication. Concise and well-structured, reports speed up business communication and make it easier for employees and managers to meet their performance objectives. Reports come out in a variety of types and forms. Depending on the situation, short, progress, email or letter reports can be used to improve the quality of communication in the workplace. Progress report is one of the most flexible forms of business reports. They are mostly informal, and their structure usually depends on the circumstances of the case. Nevertheless, any progress report must have a body and conclusion. This is the best way to provide the most important information in an easy-to-read format. An internal progress report is a work document, submitted on as-needed basis, created in a half-formal manner, and written to specify one’s progress toward a particular goal (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 341). Progress reports can be used to update clients on the progress toward a specific ta sk (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 341). For example, customers may ask employees to provide a weekly progress report on how they are working on an IT project. A progress report usually includes information related to the degree of project completion. However, it may sometimes include a brief discussion of the problems encountered while working on the project (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 341). In most cases, progress reports are informal and do not have any clear structure (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 341). Simply stated, employees, supervisors and clients choose by themselves how they wish their progress report to look. Some progress reports can be small and absolutely informal, whereas others will need to be official and structured (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 341). More often than not, all employees need to do is to fill in â€Å"blanks on forms devised for the purpose† (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 341). The core message of any progress report is about the progress made while working on the pr oject. A progress report usually implies that those who receive and read it will need to provide their feedback. That progress reports do not have any set structure does not mean that they are unstructured at all. A good progress report will always have a body and conclusion/ recommendations. Shorter progress report show little need in introductory information (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 326). This is particularly the case of progress reports, whose title explains the purpose (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 326). The body of any progress report must include brief and easy-to-read information about the progress made during the project and problems/ difficulties encountered. The facts and data must be presented in the direct order, meaning that the body of the report starts with the most important information (e.g., â€Å"we are pleased to inform you that the project is 30% completed†). This information is followed by a brief explanation of the progress, problems encountered, recommend ations for the future, and a small conclusion. The use of the direct order is justified by the need to reduce the amount of unnecessary information and let the reader take the most relevant decision. B. Depending on the situation, different types of reports can be used. Letter reports are the most appropriate when dealing with individuals outside the organization (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 336). For example, a letter report could be used to inform auditors about a financial problem. Simultaneously, auditors could provide organizations with a letter report explaining the problem and what has been done to solve it. Email reports are excellent means of internal communication within organizations. Email reports are mostly informal and can be used by people who know each other (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 340). At times, email reports can be used to provide higher administration, the board of directors, or supervisors with formal, official, problem-related information (Lesikar, Flatley Rentz 340). Whatever the situation, email reports always guarantee cost-effective delivery of information and immediate feedback. Unlike letter and email reports, longer proposals do not merely provide information but persuade other parties to choose a particular course of action. These reports can be used when the problem is obvious and the need to address it is urgent. Lesikar, Raymond V., Marie E. Flatley Kathryn Rentz. Business Communication: Making Connections in a Digital World. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin, 2008. Print.

Battle of Flamborough Head in the American Revolution

Battle of Flamborough Head in the American Revolution The Battle of Flamborough Head was fought September 23, 1779, between Bonhomme Richard and HMS Serapis and was part of the American Revolution (1775-1783). Sailing from France in August 1779 with a small squadron, noted American naval commander Commodore John Paul Jones sought to circle the British Isles with the goal of wreaking havoc on British merchant shipping. In late September, Jones ships encountered a British convoy in the vicinity of Flamborough Head off the east coast of England. Attacking, the Americans succeeded in capturing two British warships, the frigate HMS Serapis (44 guns) and the sloop-of-war HMS Countess of Scarborough (22), after a protracted and bitter fight. Though the battle ultimately cost Jones his flagship, Bonhomme Richard (42), the victory cemented his place as one of the preeminent American naval commanders of the war and greatly embarrassed the Royal Navy. John Paul Jones A native of Scotland, John Paul Jones served a merchant captain in the years before the American Revolution. Accepting a commission in the Continental Navy in 1775, he was appointed as first lieutenant aboard USS Alfred (30).  Serving in this role during the expedition to New Providence (Nassau) in March 1776, he later assumed command of the sloop USS Providence (12). Proving an able commerce raider, Jones received command of the new sloop-of-war USS Ranger (18) in 1777.  Directed to sail for European waters, he had orders to assist the American cause in any way possible. Arriving in France, Jones elected to raid British waters in 1778 and embarked on campaign that saw the capture of several merchant vessels, an attack on the port of Whitehaven, and the capture of the sloop-of-war HMS Drake (14). Returning to France, Jones was celebrated as as hero for his capture of the British warship. Promised a new, larger ship, Jones soon encountered problems with the American commissioners as well as the French admiralty. A New Ship On February 4, 1779, he received a converted East Indiaman named Duc de Duras from the French government.  Though less than ideal, Jones commenced adapting the vessel into a 42-gun warship which he dubbed Bonhomme Richard in honor of American Minister to France Benjamin Franklins Poor Richards Almanac. On August 14, 1779, Jones departed Lorient, France with a small squadron of American and French warships. Flying his commodores pennant from Bonhomme Richard, he intended to circle the British Isles in a clockwise fashion with the goal of attacking British commerce and diverting attention from French operations in the Channel. Commodore John Paul Jones. Hulton Archive / Stringer/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images A Troubled Cruise During the early days of the cruise, the squadron captured several merchantmen, but issues arose with Captain Pierre Landais, commander of Jones second largest ship, the 36-gun frigate Alliance. A Frenchman, Landais had traveled to America hoping to be a naval version of the Marquis de Lafayette. He was rewarded with a captains commission in the Continental Navy, but now resented serving under Jones. Following an argument on August 24, Landais announced he would no longer follow orders. As a result, Alliance frequently departed and returned to the squadron at its commanders whim. After an absence of two weeks, Landais rejoined Jones near Flamborough Head at dawn on September 23. The return of Alliance raised Jones strength to four ships as he also had the frigate Pallas (32) and the small brigantine Vengeance (12). Fleets Commanders Americans French Commodore John Paul JonesCaptain Pierre LandaisBonhomme Richard (42 guns), Alliance (36), Pallas (32), Vengeance (12) Royal Navy Captain Richard PearsonHMS Serapis (44), HMS Countess of Scarborough (22) The Squadrons Approach Around 3:00 PM, lookouts reported sighting a large group of ships to the north. Based on intelligence reports, Jones correctly believed this to be a large convoy of over 40 ships returning from the Baltic guarded by the frigate HMS Serapis (44) and the sloop-of-war HMS Countess of Scarborough (22). Piling on sail, Jones ships turned to chase.  Spotting the threat to the south, Captain Richard Pearson of Serapis, ordered the convoy to make for the safety of Scarborough and placed his vessel in a position to block the approaching Americans.  After  Countess of Scarborough had successfully guided the convoy some distance away, Pearson recalled his consort and maintained his position between the convoy and approaching enemy.  Ã‚   First Shots Due to light winds, Jones squadron did not near the enemy until after 6:00 PM.  Though Jones had ordered his ships to form a line of battle, Landais veered Alliance from the formation and pulled Countess of Scarborough away from Serapis.  Around 7:00 PM, Bonhomme Richard rounded Serapis port quarter and after an exchange of questions with Pearson, Jones opened fire with his starboard guns. This was followed by Landais attacking  Countess of Scarborough.  This engagement proved brief as the French captain quickly disengaged from the smaller ship.  This allowed  Countess of Scarboroughs commander, Captain Thomas Piercy, to move to Serapis aid.   A Bold Maneuver Alert to this danger, Captain Denis Cottineau of Pallas intercepted Piercy allowing  Bonhomme Richard to continue engaging Serapis. Alliance did not enter the fray and remained apart from the action. Aboard Bonhomme Richard, the situation quickly deteriorated when two of the ships heavy 18-pdr guns burst in the opening salvo. In addition to damaging the ship and killing many of the guns crew, this led to the other 18-pdrs being taken out of service for fear that they were unsafe. Using its greater maneuverability and heavier guns, Serapis raked and pounded Jones ship. With Bonhomme Richard becoming increasingly unresponsive to its helm, Jones realized his only hope was to board Serapis. Maneuvering closer to the British ship, he found his moment when Serapis jib-boom became entangled the rigging of Bonhomme Richards mizzen mast. As the two ships came together, the crew of Bonhomme Richard quickly bound the vessels together with grappling hooks. The Tide Turns They were further secured when Serapis spare anchor became caught on American ships stern. The ships continued firing into each other as both sides marines sniped at opposing crew and officers. An American attempt to board Serapis was repulsed, as was a British attempt to take Bonhomme Richard. After two hours of fighting, Alliance appeared on the scene. Believing the frigates arrival would turn the tide, Jones was shocked when Landais began indiscriminately firing into both ships. Aloft, Midshipman Nathaniel Fanning and his party in the main fighting top succeeded in eliminating their counterparts on Serapis. Moving along the two ships yardarms, Fanning and his men were able to cross over to Serapis. From their new position aboard the British ship, they were able to drive Serapis crew from their stations using hand grenades and musket fire. With his men falling back, Pearson was forced to finally surrender his ship to Jones. Across the water, Pallas succeeded in taking Countess of Scarborough after a prolonged fight. During the battle, Jones was famously reputed to have exclaimed I have not yet begun to fight! in response to Pearsons demand that he surrender his ship. Aftermath Impact Following the battle, Jones re-concentrated his squadron and began efforts to save the badly damaged Bonhomme Richard. By September 25, it was clear that the flagship could not be saved and Jones transferred to Serapis. After several days of repairs, the newly taken prize was able to get underway and Jones sailed for Texel Roads in the Netherlands. Evading the British, his squadron arrived on October 3. Landais was relieved of his command shortly thereafter. One of the greatest prizes taken by the Continental Navy, Serapis was soon transferred to the French for political reasons. The battle proved a major embarrassment for the Royal Navy and cemented Jones place in American naval history.

Future of Comuper Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future of Comuper Networking - Essay Example Although the current version of IP has worked well for many years, exponential growth of the Internet means that the 32-bit address space will be exhausted within 20 years. The IETF has designed a new version of IP that uses 128 bits to represent each address. The new address space is so large that it will not be exhausted for many decades to come. To distinguish the new version of IP from the current version, the two protocols are named using their version number. The current version of IP is IPv4 and the new expected version is IPv6. IPv6 retains many of the concepts from IPv4, but changes all the details. For example like IPv4, IPv6 provides a connectionless service in which two computers exchange short messages called datagrams. However, unlike an IPv4 datagram in which the header contains fields for each function, IPv6 defines separate headers for each function. Each IPv6 datagram consists of a base header followed by zero or more extension headers, followed by data. Like IPv4, IPv6 defines an address for each network connection. Thus, as in IPv4, a computer that connects to multiple physical networks (e.g., a router) has multiple addresses. However special addresses are completely changed in IPv6. Instead of IPv4's notion of network broadcast, IPv6 defines multicast and anycast (cluster) addresses, both of which correspond to a set of computers. A multicast address corresponds to a set of computers at multiple sites that are treated as single entity; each computer in that set will receive a copy of any datagram sent to the set. A cluster permits replication of services; a datagram sent to a cluster address will be delivered to exactly one member of the cluster. To make IPv6 addresses easier for people to use, the designers propose using colon hexadecimal notation, which expresses groups of 16 bits in hexadecimal, with a colon separating groups. The resulting notation is more compact than the dotted decimal form used in IPv4. Today about 6 billion people inhabit the earth. They own an estimated 350 million computers and 480 million mobile phones. The number of mobile phones and PDAs is expected to reach one billion by 2003. The reason we are quickly moving beyond the capabilities of the current protocol has a lot to do with the propagation of wireless devices and new services, as well as the subsequent of massive demand for more addressees. The very concept of computers is changing rapidly as cars, vending machines and even house hold applications follow the lead of the PC and become connected to the Internet. Each one will require its own unique address. It is estimated that within seven to ten years a single user will manage an average of 10 addresses and this number could grow higher in future. Wireless gambling, music on demand, video content and video conferencing are becoming a reality. With IPv6 every person on earth could have a million uniquely addressees and the individually locatable IP devices. With this kind of capability we could create the potential for virtually unlimited access to the Internet for variety of devises. (Techiwarehouse) Some of the benefits of IPv6 seem obvious: greater addressing space, built-in QoS, and better routing performance and services. However, a number of barriers

Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public - Essay Example Advantages for an organization for going public Although going public is an expensive process but there are several advantages. Some of the most important advantages for going public are as follows: More capital can be raised by a company if it starts floating its share in the market. By floating shares in the market, company can have a better growth rate. People know and recognize more about companies whose shares are in the market rather than firms that are privately owned. Going public is a way to brand and market the company as well. It also builds the brand image of the company and the company becomes more reliable and trustworthy (Glueck , 1980). Because of being a better and more renowned company, a public company is able to attract and retain better human resource which helps in improving productivity level of the company. While acquisitions, shares of the company can be used instead of cash. Debt to equity ratio of the company improves because of going public as the capital raised is included in the equity section rather than liabilities. Debt to equity ratio is one of the ways lenders analyze and assess the risk of the company and it explains the amount of debt the company has in comparison to its liabilities. Organizations can motivate employees by offering them stock options which are considered more valuable than other rewards like cash and bonuses. Disadvantages for an organization for going public Besides the advantages of going public, there are several disadvantages because of which many organizations do not go public and float their shares in the market. The most important disadvantages which restrict an organization from going to public are as follows: Going public is an expensive process and if an organization has other ways or options to raise money then it should go with the alternatives rather than floating shares in the market. There are several fees and costs associated with going public like accounting fees, expense allowance of underw riter, filing fees, cost of travelling, cost of printing and legal fees and all these costs are to be included while analyzing whether the firm would go public or not (Hoch, Kim, Montgomery, and Rossi, 1995). In addition to this, if the management of the company is not aware about the process of going public then it should not indulge in such activities because it is a difficult process and they should go public only when the management is not aware about the whole process and complications involved in it. Information about the company increases and more people know about the organization in comparison to the time when the organization was operating as a privately held company. Customers, suppliers, shareholders, investors, analysts, and other stakeholders of the company tend to focus a lot on the organization and strategies which it has adopted. As the company goes public, it has to follow the requirements of SEC and financial reporting of the company has to be in accordance with t he rules and guidelines provided by SEC (Kaplan, and Atkinson, 1998). Top management or entrepreneurs could feel like as if they have lost the control of the organization and thus it can have an impact on their decision making and productivity. Remuneration and compensation packages paid to the top management of the organization are known to others because public information and everyone would be aware about the salaries of people at the top managerial level. Because of going public, risk of shareholder litigation increases. Many shareholders are